Behçet's Syndrome

Behçet's Syndrome is an immune-mediated multisystem disorder. Diagnosis is mainly clinical and based on the following diagnostic criteria:

• Recurrent oral ulceration + (2 of the following:)
• Recurrent genital ulceration
• Eye lesions (panuveitis, retinal vessel occlusions, optic neuritis, hypopyon uveitis)
• Skin lesions (folliculitis, erythema nodosum, acne-like exanthem)
• Pathergy test (nonspecific skin inflammatory reactivity to scratches or intradermal saline injection)

Other clinical features include arthritis, vein thrombosis & thrombophlebitis, mucosal ulcerations of GI tract. Neurologic involvement mainly has a serious prognosis.

Acute Glaucoma

Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma occurs when the drainage of aqueous humor via the anterior chamber angle is blocked by the iris. People with shallow anterior chamber, either due to short axial length in hyperopia, or enlarged lens by development of cataract. Patients often complain of blurry vision and painful eye, with headache, nausea and vomiting.

Classical clinical features:

• mid-dilated pupil
• "deep-sea-green" pupil
• corneal oedema & injection
• circumcorneal redness
• abrupt rise of intraocular pressure

Acute glaucoma is treated as emergency. Medical treatment includes acetazolamide, beta blockers, pilocarpine, prostaglandin analogue, and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists. If medical treatment failed, laser iridectomy or surgical intervention is needed.